| Choose the best possible answer to the following questions. | ||
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| Which of the following papillary lesions of the nasal cavity is more often located on the nasal septum? | ||
| a. | Inverted papilloma | |
| b. | Fungiform papilloma | |
| c. | Oncotic papilloma | |
| d. | Pedunculated papilloma | |
| e. | None of the above | |
| The intrapulmonary vascular dilatation seen in the hepatopulmonary syndrome is due to the failure of the liver to produce which of the following substances? | ||
| a. | Nitric oxide | |
| b. | Vasoactive peptides | |
| c. | Calcitonin | |
| d. | Prostaglandins | |
| e. | All of the above | |
| Which of the following causes the fungal infection associated with the formation of a black crust on the upper respiratory mucosa? | ||
| a. | Candida albicans | |
| b. | Mucor | |
| c. | Aspergillus | |
| d. | Rhinosporidia | |
| e. | Curvularia | |
| Which of the following lesions of the upper respiratory segment is not considered a true neoplasm? | ||
| a. | Laryngeal polyp | |
| b. | Nasal papilloma | |
| c. | Nasal polyp | |
| d. | Juvenile angiofibroma | |
| e. | Olfactory neurofibroma | |
| Pneumonia characterized by a dry unproductive cough is more likely to show which of the following feature? | ||
| a. | It is usually caused by the Respiratory syncytial virus | |
| b. | It is associated with heavy intra alveolar inflammatory infiltrate | |
| c. | c It is in most cases due to infection by the Streptococci pneumoniae | |
| d. | It only affects the upper lobe of the lungs | |
| e. | None of the above | |
| Which of the following can lead to pulmonary hypertension syndrome? | ||
| a. | Chronic obstructive lung diseases | |
| b. | Increased left heart pressure | |
| c. | Increased pulmonary vascular resistance | |
| d. | Recurrent multiple minor pulmonary emboli | |
| e. | All of the above | |
| Which of the following is not a factor in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis? | ||
| a. | Hyperplasia of bronchial mucus glands | |
| b. | Atrophy of bronchial epithelial lining | |
| c. | Excessive mucus production | |
| d. | Disruption of normal ciliary function | |
| e. | All of the above | |
| Hemodynamic disturbance of the pulmonary circulation usually leads to which of the following type of pulmonary edema? | ||
| a. | Oncotic edema | |
| b. | Hydrostatic edema | |
| c. | Permeability edema | |
| d. | Neurogenic edema | |
| e. | None of the above | |
| Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the etiology of all the following respiratory diseases EXCEPT | ||
| a. | Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma | |
| b. | Chronic bronchitis | |
| c. | Carcinoid tumor of the lung | |
| d. | Carcinoma of the larynx | |
| e. | Bronchiectasis | |
| The pathogenetic factor leading to the alveolar damage that precede the development of Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease include which of the following? | ||
| a. | The chemotactic factor secreted by the macrophages | |
| b. | Directed toxicity of the offending agent | |
| c. | Liberation of oxygen-free radicals by the neutrophils | |
| d. | Secretion of protease by the PMN | |
| e. | All of the above | |
| Production of antibodies against the basement membrane of the pulmonary capillaries lead to the development of which of the following? | ||
| a. | Goodpasture syndrome | |
| b. | Adenocarcinoma of the lung | |
| c. | Sarcoid granulomata | |
| d. | Amyloidosis | |
| e. | None of the above | |
| In which of the following variant of bronchogenic carcinoma is the architecture of the lung basically preserved? | ||
| a. | Solid adenocarcinoma | |
| b. | Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma | |
| c. | Squamous cell carcinoma | |
| d. | Undifferentiated small cell carcinoma | |
| e. | Pleomorphic large cell carcinoma | |
| The main etiological factor to the development of pleural mesothelioma is | ||
| a. | Exposure to Carbon dust | |
| b. | Exposure to Silica particles | |
| c. | Exposure to Beryllium fume | |
| d. | Exposure to Asbestos fibers | |
| e. | Exposure to Sulfur oxide | |
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| Determine whether the following statements are true or false. | ||
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The physical characteristics of the acute inflammatory reaction of the pharyngeal tissue in case of acute pharyngitis provide the best clues for an etiological diagnosis. |
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| In Southern China, carcinoma of the pharynx is mainly seen in children . | ||
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| The peripheral nerve paralysis associated with diphtheria is the result of production of large amount of endotoxin. | ||
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| The symptoms of the intralobar variant of pulmonary sequestration become evident during the first week of life. | ||
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| The phagocytic property of the macrophages is inhibited by the production of CR3 integrin during the catarrhal stage of Pertussis. | ||
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| Intrauterine hypoxia is responsible for multiple cases of the primary form of neonatal pulmonary atelectasis. | ||
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| Acute respiratory distress syndrome is usually caused by left heart failure. | ||
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| The majority of occlusion in the pulmonary vascular system is due arteriosclerosis of the blood vessels. | ||
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| The aspirin-triggered-asthma attacks are usually due to an interference with the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. | ||
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| Since the vaccination program against Hemophilus b (Hib vaccine) started, most cases of bronchopneumonia in children are caused by the streptococcus pneumoniae. | ||